Costa Rica’s Biodiversity: Why It’s One of the Greenest Countries in the World?

Costa Rica is one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, home to 6% of the world’s species despite its small size. Its rainforests, cloud forests, and coral reefs create a haven for wildlife, from sloths and toucans to sea turtles and jaguars.

What makes Costa Rica even more special is its commitment to conservation. With 30% of its land protected and 99% of its electricity from renewable sources, the country is a global leader in sustainability. Whether you’re a backpacker, a family, or a solo traveler, Costa Rica offers a perfect blend of adventure and eco-friendly travel. Here’s why it’s considered one of the greenest countries in the world.

1. A Small Country with Big Biodiversity

Costa Rica’s strategic location between North and South America makes it a natural biological bridge, allowing species from both continents to coexist and evolve in unique ways. The country’s 12 distinct life zones, ranging from tropical dry forests to mangroves and cloud forests, support an incredible variety of flora and fauna. Here’s why Costa Rica stands out:

• Over 500,000 species, including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and insects. This means that 5% of the world’s known species live in a country that makes up just 0.03% of the planet’s landmass.

• More than 900 bird species, making it a prime birdwatching destination. From the resplendent quetzal in Monteverde to scarlet macaws flying along the Pacific coast, bird lovers will be amazed.

• A diverse marine ecosystem, including coral reefs, mangroves, and deep-sea habitats, supporting sea turtles, dolphins, whale sharks, and manta rays.

Costa Rica’s biodiversity isn’t just impressive; it plays a vital role in maintaining the health of the planet, regulating the climate, and supporting sustainable agriculture.

2. Protected Areas: A Model for Conservation

Costa Rica has made remarkable strides in conservation, ensuring that its natural beauty remains intact for generations to come. Nearly 30% of the country is designated as protected land, making it one of the few nations that prioritize nature over rapid urbanization.

Here are some of the most incredible protected areas you can explore:

Corcovado National Park

• Located on the Osa Peninsula, Corcovado is often called “the most biologically intense place on Earth” by National Geographic.

• It is home to all four species of Costa Rican monkeys, tapirs, jaguars, and over 400 species of birds.

• Visitors can embark on guided treks through pristine rainforests and even witness sea turtles nesting on its remote beaches.

Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve

• Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is a mystical cloud forest where towering trees are draped in moss and orchids.

• One of the best places to spot the resplendent quetzal, a sacred bird of the ancient Maya and Aztec civilizations.

• Features hanging bridges, canopy tours, and nighttime jungle walks for an unforgettable adventure.

Tortuguero National Park

• A network of canals, lagoons, and dense rainforest best explored by boat.

• One of the most important nesting sites for sea turtles, including green, leatherback, and hawksbill turtles.

• Visitors can take eco-friendly boat tours to observe caimans, river otters, and an abundance of tropical birds.

Manuel Antonio National Park

• Manuel Antonio National Park is one of the most visited parks in Costa Rica, famous for its breathtaking combination of jungle and beach landscapes.

• Home to three species of monkeys, including the endangered squirrel monkey.

• Offers scenic coastal trails leading to white-sand beaches where visitors can swim in crystal-clear waters while spotting wildlife nearby.

These national parks and reserves play a critical role in preserving Costa Rica’s biodiversity while offering ecotourism opportunities that directly support conservation efforts. Want more information about National Parks, check out our blog article: Best National Parks in Costa Rica: top parks you can't miss.

3. A Global Leader in sustainability

Costa Rica isn’t just green in its landscapes; it’s also a leader in environmental sustainability.

Renewable Energy & Carbon Neutrality

• 99% of Costa Rica’s electricity comes from renewable sources like hydropower, wind, solar, and geothermal energy.

• The country aims to be carbon-neutral by 2050, setting an ambitious example for the world.

• Many hotels and businesses have adopted zero-waste and plastic-free policies to protect the environment.

Eco-Friendly Tourism

• Sustainable lodges and eco-resorts have been built with minimal environmental impact. Many are powered by solar energy and designed with rainwater harvesting and organic farms.

• Community-based tourism initiatives support local conservation efforts, ensuring that tourism benefits both nature and the people who protect it.

• Strict laws on wildlife protection prohibit animal exploitation, ensuring that visitors can enjoy Costa Rica’s biodiversity without harming it.

4. Wildlife encounters like nowhere else

Costa Rica is one of the best places in the world to observe wildlife in its natural habitat.

Whether on land or at sea, every region of the country offers unique encounters:

• Night walks in the jungle reveal an entirely different world with glowing insects, tree frogs, and sleeping birds.

• Snorkeling and diving in marine reserves like Cahuita and Isla del Coco provide opportunities to see colorful coral reefs, manta rays, and hammerhead sharks.

• Whale watching in Uvita, one of the best places in the world to see humpback whales, which migrate to Costa Rica’s warm waters to give birth.

• Wildlife spotting in Manuel Antonio, where visitors can see capuchin monkeys, sloths, iguanas, and colorful crabs while walking along lush trails leading to beautiful beaches.

5. How can travelers contribute?

Visiting Costa Rica is an opportunity to experience nature at its finest, but responsible tourism is key to preserving this paradise. Here’s how you can help:

• Stay in eco-friendly accommodations — Choosing sustainable hotels, ecolodges, and resorts helps support conservation efforts. If you’re looking for responsible places to stay, check out our dedicated blog on sustainable accommodations in Costa Rica: Eco-Lodges in Costa Rica: sustainable stays

• Respect wildlife — Keep a safe distance, never feed animals, and avoid any attraction that promotes wildlife exploitation.

• Choose sustainable tours — Opt for certified ecotourism companies that follow ethical wildlife viewing practices. At Pura Vida Traveling, we work with trusted, sustainable tour operators, so check out our website to find eco-friendly experiences that align with responsible travel values.

  
  

• Use sustainable transportation — Public transport and shared shuttles help reduce emissions, and some regions even offer electric vehicle rentals. At Pura Vida Traveling, we provide transportation services that align with sustainable practices, helping you move around Costa Rica efficiently and responsibly. Check our website for transport options.

  
  

• Say no to single-use plastics — Bring a reusable water bottle, bags, and utensils to minimize waste.

Costa Rica’s Biodiversity: final thoughts

Costa Rica is a global leader in biodiversity and sustainability, offering travelers a chance to experience nature at its best. With protected areas, renewable energy, and eco-friendly tourism, the country proves that conservation and travel can go hand in hand.

By choosing sustainable accommodations, ethical tours, and responsible transportation, visitors help preserve this paradise for future generations. Whether you’re hiking through lush rainforests, snorkeling in vibrant reefs, or spotting wildlife in its natural habitat, Costa Rica is the perfect destination to embrace the “Pura Vida” way of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much of Costa Rica is protected?

Approximately 30% of Costa Rica's territory is safeguarded by national parks, reserves, and wildlife refuges, positioning it among the world's most conservation-oriented nations.

What are some of the most biodiverse places to visit in Costa Rica?

Some of the best places to experience Costa Rica’s biodiversity include:

• Corcovado National Park – Home to jaguars, tapirs, and scarlet macaws.

• Monteverde Cloud Forest – Famous for its mystical atmosphere and the resplendent quetzal.

• Tortuguero National Park – A prime nesting area for sea turtles.

• Manuel Antonio National Park – A mix of tropical rainforest and stunning beaches with abundant wildlife

What animals can I see in Costa Rica?

Costa Rica hosts more than 500,000 species, such as sloths, toucans, monkeys, jaguars, sea turtles, poison dart frogs, and numerous bird species.

When is the best time to visit for wildlife spotting?

The dry season, from December to April, offers clear trails and makes wildlife spotting easier, whereas the green season, from May to November, provides fewer crowds and vibrant landscapes. Seasonal events, such as turtle nesting in Tortuguero or whale watching in Uvita, depend on the time of year.

Can I volunteer in conservation projects while visiting?

Yes! Many conservation programs welcome volunteers for wildlife rescue, turtle conservation, and rainforest restoration. If you’re interested in eco-volunteering, research organizations such as Osa Conservation, Sea Turtle Conservancy, and Cloudbridge Nature Reserve.

Can I see biodiversity in urban areas too?

Absolutely! Even in urban areas such as San José, you can explore parks like La Paz Waterfall Gardens or INBio Parque to observe wildlife up close. Numerous eco-lodges close to cities offer convenient access to nature as well.